Science in the Italian Renaissance

 Ãʱâ HumanistsÀÇ Á¼Àº ½Ã¾ß´Â öÇÐÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» Áö¿¬½ÃÄ״µ¥, ±×°ÍÀº °úÇп¡µµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö¿´
´Ù. Ãʱâ Humanists´Â ºñÆÇÀûÀÎ Á¤½ÅÀÌ ºÎÁ·Çß°í, ¿¹¼ú, ¹®Çп¡ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÁö °úÇп¡´Â ¾ø
¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Italy´Â 15¼¼±â¿¡ À¯·´¿¡¼­ °úÇÐÀÇ Áß½ÉÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
astronomy, mathematics, physics, medicine

 The revival of the heliocentric theory .
õ¹®Çп¡¼­´Â ƯÀÌÇÑ °ÍÀº  heliocentric theory ÀÇ  revivalÀε¥ À̰ÍÀº ¾î´À ÇϳªÀÇ ÁÖÀå
ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀÌ´Ù.
 Áï, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸® ¿ìÁÖÀÇ Áß½ÉÀÌ Å¾çÀ̶ó´Â °³³äÀ¸·Î¼­ B.C 3¼¼±â Hellenistic astromomer
      ÀÎ Aristarchus(B.C.300³â°æ)°¡ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ÁÖÀåÇÑ(½ÃÀÛÇÑ) ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù.
 ¾à 400³â ÈÄ AristarchusÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀº Claudius Ptolemy(150³â°æ)ÀÇ Geoocentric ExplanationÀ¸·Î ´ëüµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×
ÈÄ 12¼¼±â ÀÌ»ó ±× ÀÌ·ÐÀº ¿ìÁÖÀÇ º»Áú¿¡ °üÇÑ °á·ÐÀ¸·Î ¿©°Ü¿Ô´Ù. Romans´Â ±× ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ÀÇ
½ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í Sararen°ú scholastic philosophers´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Cardinal dogma·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù.
 ¹Ù·Î À̰ÍÀº 15¼¼±â Á߹ݿ¡ Nicholas of Cusa(1401-1464)°¡ óÀ½ °ø°ø¿¬ÇÏ°Ô µµÀüÇÏ¿© Áö±¸´Â ¿ìÁÖÀÇ
Áß½ÉÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í Çß´Ù.
 Leonardo da Vinci´Â Áö±¸´Â ÃàÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÀÚÀüÇÔÀ» ÁÖÀåÇϰí žçÀÇ È¸ÀüÀ» ºÎÀÎÇß´Ù.
1469³â Pole, Nicholas Copernicus(1473-1543)´Â civil, canon law¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇϰíÀÚ Italy¿¡ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç
mathematic°ú medicineµµ ¾Æ¿ï·¯ °øºÎÇß´Ù. Bologna, Padua, Ferrara¿¡¼­ °øºÎÇÑ ±×´Â
astronomy¿¡ ƯÈ÷ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. ¼öÇÐÀû À̷аú °í´ë ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î Ȥ¼ºÀÌ Å¾çÁÖÀ§¸¦
µ·´Ù°í ¼³¸í. 1543³â ±³È¸ÀÇ Àû´ë½Ã ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿¬±¸°á°ú¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏÁö ¸øÇߴµ¥ ±×°¡ Á×¾úÀ» ¶§
¡¸On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres¡¹¶ó´Â Ã¥ÀÌ ¹ß°£µÇ¾ú´Ù.

 Galileo's achievements in astronomy.
 Heliocentric theory¸¦ ÀÔÁõÇÑ ItalyÀÇ ´ë °úÇÐÀÚ Galileo Galilei(1564-1642). 30¹èÀÇ ¸Á¿ø°æ
Á¦ÀÛ. Satellites of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, and spots of the sunÀ» ¹ß°ß, Milky way
°¡ žç°è¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ¿ìÁÖÀÇ º°ÀÇ ¸ðÀÓÀÓÀ» ¹àÇû°í, ¸Õ°Å¸®¿¡ Ç×¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ¸»Çß´Ù. ¢¡ °á°ú
CopernicusÀÇ °á·ÐÀÌ Áø½ÇÀÓÀ» ÀÔÁõ. ÀÌ »ç»óÀÇ ½Â¸®´Â Coperinican RevolutionÀ̶ó ºÎ¸£°í
Áö¼º»ç(intellectual history)¿¡¼­ À̺¸´Ù ´õ Áß¿äÇÑ »ç°ÇÀº ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ »ç»óÀº Áß¼¼ÀÇ ¼¼°è°ü
À» µÚ¾þ°í mechanism, skepticism, infinity of time an space ÀÇ ±æÀ» ¿­¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ »ç»ó
Àº humanismÀÇ ¼èÅ𸦠ÃÊ·¡Çß°í ìÑÊàÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ ¿ìÁÖ ¼Ó¿¡ ÇÑ ¸ÕÁö¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¸Àç·Î ºñ
ÇϵǾú´Ù.

Greatest of Renaissance physicists

Leonardo da Vinci- painter·Î¼­ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù¸é °úÇÐÀڷμ­ÀÇ ¸í¼ºÀÌ ³ô¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. â©×âùÊ(À¯Ã¼¿ªÇÐ), ð¡â©ùÊ(hydraulics, hydrostatics) À» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í »ó´çÇÑ ÁøÃ´À» ÀÌ·ë.
                    "every weight tends to fall toward the center by the shortest way"
                     -the law of gravitation Á߷¹ý.
                    °®°¡Áö ¹ß¸íǰ °í¾È, diving boat, steam engine, an amored fighting
                    car, marble saw.

Galileo- law of falling bodiesÀ¸·Î À¯¸í, °¡¼ÓµµÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ µîÀ¸·Î À¯¸í.